Introduction Pregnancy is an extraordinary physiological journey, marked by profound changes as the body nurtures a developing life. Medically, pregnancy begins when a fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining, leading to the formation of the fetus. It typically spans nine months from the last menstrual period (LMP), with a margin of ±7 days. While…
Folic acid or Vitamin B9, commonly known as folic acid in its synthetic form, is a water-soluble vitamin crucial for a variety of bodily functions. It is especially vital for cell growth and reproduction. Naturally found as folate in foods, this nutrient plays a significant role in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, protein metabolism,…
Introduction In healthcare, obtaining consent is essential for maintaining patient autonomy and trust. It means a patient willingly agrees to a medical treatment or procedure after understanding its benefits, risks, and alternatives. Without it, even beneficial treatments can lead to legal consequences, as performing medical procedures without valid consent may be viewed as assault. This…
The doctor-patient relationship is a cornerstone of effective healthcare. It goes beyond merely diagnosing and treating illnesses; it is about fostering a partnership built on trust, communication, and mutual respect. A strong doctor-patient relationship not only enhances patient satisfaction but also improves health outcomes and contributes to the overall well-being of both parties. When nurtured…
Introduction Kidney stones, also known as urolithiasis, are solid masses that form in the kidneys due to the accumulation of minerals and salts. This condition is prevalent in many regions worldwide. For instance, in the UK, about 1.2% of the population is affected, with men facing a lifetime risk of approximately 7% by the age…